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pka agonists forskolin  (MedChemExpress)


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    Structured Review

    MedChemExpress pka agonists forskolin
    <t>PKA</t> agonist improved silica nanoparticle-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction in rats. Histopathology examination for cardiac HE staining (A) and score analysis (B), n = 5 per group. Scale bar, 100 μm. Serum CK-MB (C) and cTnT (D) determination to indicate myocardial injury, n = 9-10 for each group. Also, analysis of rat heart function and structural parameters via echocardiography was performed. Mitral valve Doppler echocardiography (E) and cardiac structural assessment metrics (F). M-model (G) and cardiac systolic (H) and diastolic function (I)-related measurements. n = 7 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + <t>Forskolin.</t>
    Pka Agonists Forskolin, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 293 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/pka+agonists+forskolin/Forskolin/pmc13014970-39-0-18
    Average 98 stars, based on 293 article reviews
    pka agonists forskolin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    98/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis"

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    PKA agonist improved silica nanoparticle-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction in rats. Histopathology examination for cardiac HE staining (A) and score analysis (B), n = 5 per group. Scale bar, 100 μm. Serum CK-MB (C) and cTnT (D) determination to indicate myocardial injury, n = 9-10 for each group. Also, analysis of rat heart function and structural parameters via echocardiography was performed. Mitral valve Doppler echocardiography (E) and cardiac structural assessment metrics (F). M-model (G) and cardiac systolic (H) and diastolic function (I)-related measurements. n = 7 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PKA agonist improved silica nanoparticle-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction in rats. Histopathology examination for cardiac HE staining (A) and score analysis (B), n = 5 per group. Scale bar, 100 μm. Serum CK-MB (C) and cTnT (D) determination to indicate myocardial injury, n = 9-10 for each group. Also, analysis of rat heart function and structural parameters via echocardiography was performed. Mitral valve Doppler echocardiography (E) and cardiac structural assessment metrics (F). M-model (G) and cardiac systolic (H) and diastolic function (I)-related measurements. n = 7 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Techniques Used: Histopathology, Staining, Control

    PKA agonist greatly inhibited silica nanoparticle-induced systemic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats. (A) ROS measurement in myocardial tissues. (B) MDA levels in both the myocardial tissue (a) and serum (b) were measured. (C) The cardiac (a) and serum (b) levels of GSH and GSSG were detected, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was calculated. n = 8-10 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PKA agonist greatly inhibited silica nanoparticle-induced systemic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats. (A) ROS measurement in myocardial tissues. (B) MDA levels in both the myocardial tissue (a) and serum (b) were measured. (C) The cardiac (a) and serum (b) levels of GSH and GSSG were detected, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was calculated. n = 8-10 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Techniques Used: Control

    PKA agonist alleviated silica nanoparticle-induced cardiac mitochondrial injury and dysfunction. (A) TEM was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Flameng score analysis of at least 100 mitochondria per group was performed to indicate mitochondrial injury. Scale bar, 1.0 μm. (B) The contents of Mitochondrial Complex I (a), Mitochondrial Complex III (b), Mitochondrial Complex V (c), and ATP (d) in myocardial tissues were measured. n = 9-10 per group. (C) Mitochondrial stress assay was performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes. Schematic representation of the Seahorse XFe cell mitochondrial stress test (a), OCR curves for each group (b), and the relevant indicators (basal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption) of mitochondrial respiration measurement (c). n = 3 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PKA agonist alleviated silica nanoparticle-induced cardiac mitochondrial injury and dysfunction. (A) TEM was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Flameng score analysis of at least 100 mitochondria per group was performed to indicate mitochondrial injury. Scale bar, 1.0 μm. (B) The contents of Mitochondrial Complex I (a), Mitochondrial Complex III (b), Mitochondrial Complex V (c), and ATP (d) in myocardial tissues were measured. n = 9-10 per group. (C) Mitochondrial stress assay was performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes. Schematic representation of the Seahorse XFe cell mitochondrial stress test (a), OCR curves for each group (b), and the relevant indicators (basal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption) of mitochondrial respiration measurement (c). n = 3 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Cell Culture, Control

    PKA mitigated copper overload triggered by SiNPs. (A) In the SiNPs-instilled rats, enhanced copper contents in both serum (a) and myocardial tissues (b) were detected, but PKA agonist Forskolin reversed it. n = 9-10 per group. (B) The dose-dependent elevation of intracellular Cu 2+ content by SiNPs treatment in the in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes (a), which could be greatly reduced by PKA stimulator 8-Br-cAMP but increased by PKA inhibitor H89 (b). (C) The expressions of copper metabolism-related protein (FDX1, SLC31A1, and ATP7B) in AC16 cells were measured (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). Also, the expression of ATP7B was measured in rat myocardial tissue (D). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PKA mitigated copper overload triggered by SiNPs. (A) In the SiNPs-instilled rats, enhanced copper contents in both serum (a) and myocardial tissues (b) were detected, but PKA agonist Forskolin reversed it. n = 9-10 per group. (B) The dose-dependent elevation of intracellular Cu 2+ content by SiNPs treatment in the in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes (a), which could be greatly reduced by PKA stimulator 8-Br-cAMP but increased by PKA inhibitor H89 (b). (C) The expressions of copper metabolism-related protein (FDX1, SLC31A1, and ATP7B) in AC16 cells were measured (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). Also, the expression of ATP7B was measured in rat myocardial tissue (D). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Cell Culture, Expressing, Control

    PKA/DRP1/ATP7B-mediated copper overload induced by SiNPs, contributing to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative protein images (a) and quantification analysis (b) of p -PKA, PKA, p -DRP1 (S637) , and DRP1 in myocardial tissue were performed. The effects of Mdivi-1 pre-treatment on Cu 2+ (B) content, and the expression of p -DRP1 (S637) and ATP7B in AC16 cells were detected (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). The effects of Elesclomol pre-treatment on Cu 2+ content (D) and cell apoptosis (E) were assessed in AC16 cells. The representative flow cytometry images were shown (E-a), and apoptotic rates were quantified (E-b). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PKA/DRP1/ATP7B-mediated copper overload induced by SiNPs, contributing to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative protein images (a) and quantification analysis (b) of p -PKA, PKA, p -DRP1 (S637) , and DRP1 in myocardial tissue were performed. The effects of Mdivi-1 pre-treatment on Cu 2+ (B) content, and the expression of p -DRP1 (S637) and ATP7B in AC16 cells were detected (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). The effects of Elesclomol pre-treatment on Cu 2+ content (D) and cell apoptosis (E) were assessed in AC16 cells. The representative flow cytometry images were shown (E-a), and apoptotic rates were quantified (E-b). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

    Related Articles

    Histopathology:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Staining:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Control:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Cell Culture:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Expressing:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was −30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis
    Article Snippet: Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.Their average hydrodynamic size in distilled water was 80.38 104 ± 1.81 nm, and the Zeta potential was -30.10 ± 1.06 mV.. PKA agonists Forskolin and 105 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were 106 obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission 107 inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from 108 Sigma-Aldrich, USA.. Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.Kits for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde 109 (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were acquired from 110 Jiancheng, China, and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit from KeyGen, China.



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    PKA agonist improved silica nanoparticle-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction in rats. Histopathology examination for cardiac HE staining (A) and score analysis (B), n = 5 per group. Scale bar, 100 μm. Serum CK-MB (C) and cTnT (D) determination to indicate myocardial injury, n = 9-10 for each group. Also, analysis of rat heart function and structural parameters via echocardiography was performed. Mitral valve Doppler echocardiography (E) and cardiac structural assessment metrics (F). M-model (G) and cardiac systolic (H) and diastolic function (I)-related measurements. n = 7 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKA agonist improved silica nanoparticle-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction in rats. Histopathology examination for cardiac HE staining (A) and score analysis (B), n = 5 per group. Scale bar, 100 μm. Serum CK-MB (C) and cTnT (D) determination to indicate myocardial injury, n = 9-10 for each group. Also, analysis of rat heart function and structural parameters via echocardiography was performed. Mitral valve Doppler echocardiography (E) and cardiac structural assessment metrics (F). M-model (G) and cardiac systolic (H) and diastolic function (I)-related measurements. n = 7 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Article Snippet: PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

    Techniques: Histopathology, Staining, Control

    PKA agonist greatly inhibited silica nanoparticle-induced systemic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats. (A) ROS measurement in myocardial tissues. (B) MDA levels in both the myocardial tissue (a) and serum (b) were measured. (C) The cardiac (a) and serum (b) levels of GSH and GSSG were detected, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was calculated. n = 8-10 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKA agonist greatly inhibited silica nanoparticle-induced systemic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats. (A) ROS measurement in myocardial tissues. (B) MDA levels in both the myocardial tissue (a) and serum (b) were measured. (C) The cardiac (a) and serum (b) levels of GSH and GSSG were detected, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was calculated. n = 8-10 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Article Snippet: PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

    Techniques: Control

    PKA agonist alleviated silica nanoparticle-induced cardiac mitochondrial injury and dysfunction. (A) TEM was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Flameng score analysis of at least 100 mitochondria per group was performed to indicate mitochondrial injury. Scale bar, 1.0 μm. (B) The contents of Mitochondrial Complex I (a), Mitochondrial Complex III (b), Mitochondrial Complex V (c), and ATP (d) in myocardial tissues were measured. n = 9-10 per group. (C) Mitochondrial stress assay was performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes. Schematic representation of the Seahorse XFe cell mitochondrial stress test (a), OCR curves for each group (b), and the relevant indicators (basal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption) of mitochondrial respiration measurement (c). n = 3 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKA agonist alleviated silica nanoparticle-induced cardiac mitochondrial injury and dysfunction. (A) TEM was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Flameng score analysis of at least 100 mitochondria per group was performed to indicate mitochondrial injury. Scale bar, 1.0 μm. (B) The contents of Mitochondrial Complex I (a), Mitochondrial Complex III (b), Mitochondrial Complex V (c), and ATP (d) in myocardial tissues were measured. n = 9-10 per group. (C) Mitochondrial stress assay was performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes. Schematic representation of the Seahorse XFe cell mitochondrial stress test (a), OCR curves for each group (b), and the relevant indicators (basal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption) of mitochondrial respiration measurement (c). n = 3 per group. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Article Snippet: PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Cell Culture, Control

    PKA mitigated copper overload triggered by SiNPs. (A) In the SiNPs-instilled rats, enhanced copper contents in both serum (a) and myocardial tissues (b) were detected, but PKA agonist Forskolin reversed it. n = 9-10 per group. (B) The dose-dependent elevation of intracellular Cu 2+ content by SiNPs treatment in the in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes (a), which could be greatly reduced by PKA stimulator 8-Br-cAMP but increased by PKA inhibitor H89 (b). (C) The expressions of copper metabolism-related protein (FDX1, SLC31A1, and ATP7B) in AC16 cells were measured (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). Also, the expression of ATP7B was measured in rat myocardial tissue (D). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKA mitigated copper overload triggered by SiNPs. (A) In the SiNPs-instilled rats, enhanced copper contents in both serum (a) and myocardial tissues (b) were detected, but PKA agonist Forskolin reversed it. n = 9-10 per group. (B) The dose-dependent elevation of intracellular Cu 2+ content by SiNPs treatment in the in vitro cultured AC16 cardiomyocytes (a), which could be greatly reduced by PKA stimulator 8-Br-cAMP but increased by PKA inhibitor H89 (b). (C) The expressions of copper metabolism-related protein (FDX1, SLC31A1, and ATP7B) in AC16 cells were measured (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). Also, the expression of ATP7B was measured in rat myocardial tissue (D). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Article Snippet: PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Cell Culture, Expressing, Control

    PKA/DRP1/ATP7B-mediated copper overload induced by SiNPs, contributing to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative protein images (a) and quantification analysis (b) of p -PKA, PKA, p -DRP1 (S637) , and DRP1 in myocardial tissue were performed. The effects of Mdivi-1 pre-treatment on Cu 2+ (B) content, and the expression of p -DRP1 (S637) and ATP7B in AC16 cells were detected (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). The effects of Elesclomol pre-treatment on Cu 2+ content (D) and cell apoptosis (E) were assessed in AC16 cells. The representative flow cytometry images were shown (E-a), and apoptotic rates were quantified (E-b). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKA/DRP1/ATP7B-mediated copper overload induced by SiNPs, contributing to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative protein images (a) and quantification analysis (b) of p -PKA, PKA, p -DRP1 (S637) , and DRP1 in myocardial tissue were performed. The effects of Mdivi-1 pre-treatment on Cu 2+ (B) content, and the expression of p -DRP1 (S637) and ATP7B in AC16 cells were detected (C-a, protein bands; C-b, bands analysis). The effects of Elesclomol pre-treatment on Cu 2+ content (D) and cell apoptosis (E) were assessed in AC16 cells. The representative flow cytometry images were shown (E-a), and apoptotic rates were quantified (E-b). n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05 vs control, # p < 0.05 vs SiNPs or SiNPs + Forskolin.

    Article Snippet: PKA agonists Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP, H-89 (a PKA inhibitor), and Elesclomol (a copper ion carrier) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA, while Mdivi-1 (a mitochondrial fission inhibitor for selectively inhibiting DRP1, dynamin related protein 1) was got from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

    Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

    CVMS maladaptive effects on behavior and BNST electrophysiological parameters persist when CRHR1 is blocked and PKA is activated; bath application of CRH mimics CVMS effects on electrophysiological parameters of ovBNST CRH neurons. A, Schematics show that CRHR1-selective antagonist R121919 together with PKA-agonist forskolin was chronically infused into ovBNST of CVMS mice for a continuous 7 d through a cannula. Then maladaptive behaviors were compared (including EPM test, OF test, SPT test, and NSF test). CVMS exposure was continuously present during the 1 week chronic drug infusion period. B, Open arm duration time of the EPM from CVMS mice (n = 10) compared with R121919 + forskolin-treated CVMS mice (n = 7). C, Frequency that mice entries into open arm in the EPM after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). D, Distance traveled in the middle of OF after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). E, Duration of time spent in the middle of OF test after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). F, Frequency of entries in OF middle after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). G, Latency to pellet consumption in the NSF test after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). H, Sucrose preference percentage after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). I, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the M-current outward amplitude in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). J, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the mEPSC amplitude in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). K, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the mEPSC frequency in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). L, I–V plots of M-current after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). M, Average mEPSC amplitude after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). N, Average mEPSC frequency after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. NS, Not significantly different (p > 0.05).

    Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

    Article Title: Chronic Stress Induces Maladaptive Behaviors by Activating Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Signaling in the Mouse Oval Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

    doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2410-19.2020

    Figure Lengend Snippet: CVMS maladaptive effects on behavior and BNST electrophysiological parameters persist when CRHR1 is blocked and PKA is activated; bath application of CRH mimics CVMS effects on electrophysiological parameters of ovBNST CRH neurons. A, Schematics show that CRHR1-selective antagonist R121919 together with PKA-agonist forskolin was chronically infused into ovBNST of CVMS mice for a continuous 7 d through a cannula. Then maladaptive behaviors were compared (including EPM test, OF test, SPT test, and NSF test). CVMS exposure was continuously present during the 1 week chronic drug infusion period. B, Open arm duration time of the EPM from CVMS mice (n = 10) compared with R121919 + forskolin-treated CVMS mice (n = 7). C, Frequency that mice entries into open arm in the EPM after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). D, Distance traveled in the middle of OF after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). E, Duration of time spent in the middle of OF test after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). F, Frequency of entries in OF middle after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). G, Latency to pellet consumption in the NSF test after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). H, Sucrose preference percentage after infusion of R121919 + forskolin into ovBNST in CVMS mice (n = 7) compared with saline infusion in CVMS mice (n = 10). I, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the M-current outward amplitude in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). J, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the mEPSC amplitude in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). K, Preincubation of the BNST slices from CVMS mice with 30 min R121919 + forskolin (n = 7 cells) on the mEPSC frequency in the ovBNST CRH neurons compared with untreated neurons from CVMS mice (n = 8 cells). L, I–V plots of M-current after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). M, Average mEPSC amplitude after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). N, Average mEPSC frequency after 300 nm CRH application (n = 8 cells) compared with Control (n = 8 cells). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. NS, Not significantly different (p > 0.05).

    Article Snippet: To test the possibility of CRHR1- and PKA-mediated effects of CVMS on the electrophysiological properties, coronal BNST slices from n = 8 CVMS or n = 7 control mice were incubated with 1 μ m CRHR1-selective antagonist R121919 (Tocris Bioscience) ( Heinrichs et al., 2002 ; Gutman et al., 2003 ; Chen et al., 2004 ; Herman et al., 2016 ), or 10 μ m PKA-selective inhibitor H89 (Tocris Bioscience) ( Qiu et al., 2003 ; Hu et al., 2016 ) or 1 μ m R121919 together with 50 μ m PKA-selective agonist forskolin (Sigma Millipore) ( Sokolova et al., 2006 ) in the aCSF for at least 30 min ahead at room temperature before transferred to the recording chamber for current recording; 100 μ m nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog Rp-cAMPS (Sigma Millipore) ( Lochner and Moolman, 2006 ; Yi et al., 2013 ) was applied by intracellular dialysis to block PKA activation through the patch pipette solution 5 min before recording to occlude the activation of intracellular PKA.

    Techniques: